Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Native American Argumentative Essay Topics That Only a Few People Know Exist

Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Native American Argumentative Essay Topics That Only a Few People Know Exist Tie every claim you make to a bit of evidence to make sure the very best essay possible. The conclusion portion of the essay is the most essential. Each region of the essay exerts a specific function in its general structure. Bear in mind that the amount of your essay is dependent upon the assignment provided to you. The Dirty Facts About Native American Argumentative Essay Topics You will then have to approach the subject by gathering, generating, and evaluating credible sources to back up your evidence. Look through the list of topics with care and start making a mental collection of the evidence you'll be able to use on topics you prefer. A superb method to tell if your topics is an argument topic is to see whether you can debate your topic working with the info you find. There are methods to discover the ideal topic based on personal interests. Understan ding Native American Argumentative Essay Topics You might also see concept essays. When you develop this kind of essay, you should make your claims by your composition so it will be open fordebate. You could also see essay examples. In order to supply an in-depth understanding about the argumentative essay, it is wise to take a look at some of the greatest examples of argumentative essay. Argumentative essay format is dependent on your professor's requirements, because there isn't any common pattern for each essay. Then you need to endeavour to select an appropriate argumentative essay format. The great argumentative Scholarship Essay Samples formats and samples are just world-class, and they'll inspire individuals to write argumentative essays in various competitions. Check with our argumentative essay example at a better understanding. Normally, argumentative essays aren't similar to othertypes of essays. Every argumentative essay ought to be based on a topic which can be debated. It is very important to remember an argumentative essay and an expository essay could be similar, but they vary greatly regarding the quantity of pre-writing and research involved. The Advantages of Native American Argumentative Essay Topics So it makes sense that parents begin the very long journey of letting go! Bear in mind which you can make funny argumentative essays if you do a few things. A great deal of individuals are anti-Semitic, anti-Muslim, anti-gay marriage, and so forth. Not every kid is born to be physically fit, and several children have a tendency to suffer from illnesses that could prevent them from getting a greater grade in Gym. A History of Native American Argumentative Essay Topics Refuted Argumentative arguments are merely arguments th at are written back on paper. Argumentative essays utilize logic, facts, and reasoning to figure out the victor. An argumentative essay is a kind of thesis or composition in which you have to present your view and endeavor to convince others your facts and arguments are correct. The Unexpected Truth About Native American Argumentative Essay Topics If you wish to learn what an argumentative essay is, the very first thing you need to remember is that its principal objective is to convince the audience to accept your perspective. The thing you ought to do as a way to structure an argumentative essay is to set a claim that's debatable. In order to really convince readers of your viewpoint, the argumentative essay must also appear at the opposing views. The primary reason why somebody is writing an argumentative essay is to try to persuade or sway another individual or perhaps a group of men and women in your rightness in a particular theme. All you should have is a tiny curiosity besides that everything will wind up an intriguing game of knowledge. There are lots of folks who don't need to understand what's in their food. The first thing you're likely to have to do is to pick a topic that has more than one clear side. Without a very good evidence, nobody is likely to believe my words. The 5-Minute Rule for Native American Argumentative Essay Topics The modern society has embraced mobile phones in a large way but it has arrived at a price. An essay arguing that capitalism is the very best system because it's the only financial system which has historically resulted in widespread prosperity with time. To supply context, you want to examine the field from an overall perspective before expanding on its significance. An argumentative essay example will reveal the should possess some important components which make it better in the practice of convincing. It isn't a must, but should you care about your topic, it's goi ng to be resembled in your writing. The college essays need to be organized in the particular format and design based on the instructions given. The argumentative essay has a particular format that must be followed to blow the mind of the reader, and it is particularly helpful for students along with the corporate when making strategic proposals. Writing an argumentative essay is a skill that anyone in school should know, even though it can be useful outside the classroom, too.

Negative Effects of Collusion in Business and Politics

Collusion is an agreement between two or more entities to limit open competition or gain an unfair advantage in the market by means of deceiving, misleading, or defrauding. These types of agreements are — not surprisingly — illegal and therefore are also typically very secretive and exclusive. Such agreements can include anything from setting prices to limiting production or opportunities to kickbacks and misrepresentation of the party’s relationship to one another. Of course, when collusion is discovered, all acts affected by the collusive activities are considered void or having no legal effect, in the eyes of the law. In fact, the law ultimately treats any agreements, obligations, or transactions as though they had never existed. Collusion in the Study of Economics In the study of economics and market competition, collusion is defined as taking place when rival companies who otherwise would not work together agree to cooperate for their mutual benefit. For instance, the companies may agree to refrain from participating in an activity that they normally would in order to reduce competition and gain higher profits. Given the few powerful players within a market structure like an oligopoly (a market or industry that is dominated by a small number of sellers), collusive activities are often commonplace. The relationship between oligopolies and collusion can work in the other direction as well; forms of collusion can ultimately lead to the establishment of an oligopoly. Within this structure, collusive activities can make a significant impact on the market as a whole starting with the reduction of competition and then the likely possibility of higher prices to be paid by the consumer. In this context, acts of collusion resulting in price fixing, bid rigging, and market allocation could place businesses in jeopardy of being prosecuted for violations of the federal Clayton Antitrust Act. Enacted in 1914, the Clayton Antitrust Act is intended to prevent monopolies and protect consumers from unfair business practices. Collusion and Game Theory According to game theory, it is the independence of suppliers in competition with one another that keeps the price of goods to their minimum, which ultimately encourages overall efficiency of the industry leaders in order to remain competitive. When this system is in effect, no one supplier has the power to set the price. But when there are few suppliers and less competition, as in an oligopoly, each seller is likely to be acutely aware of the actions of the competition. This generally leads to a system in which decisions of one firm can greatly influence and be influenced by the actions of other industry players. When collusion is involved, these influences are typically in the form of clandestine agreements that cost the market the low prices and efficiency otherwise encouraged by competitive independence.​ Collusion and  Politics In the days following the tumultuous 2016 presidential election, allegations arose that representatives of the Donald Trump campaign committee had colluded with agents of the Russian government to influence the outcome of the election in favor of their candidate. An independent investigation conducted by former FBI Director Robert Mueller found evidence that President Trump’s National Security Adviser Michael Flynn may have met with the Russian ambassador to the U.S. to discuss the election. In his testimony to the FBI, however, Flynn denied having done so. On February 13, 2017, Flynn resigned as national security director after admitting he had misled Vice President Mike Pence and other top White House officials about his conversations with the Russian ambassador. On December 1, 2017, Flynn pleaded guilty to charges of lying to the FBI about his election-related communications with Russia. According to court documents released at the time, two unnamed officials of the Trump presidential transition team had urged Flynn to contact the Russians. It is expected that as part of his plea agreement, Flynn promised to reveal the identity of the White House officials involved to the FBI in return for a reduced sentence. Since the allegations surfaced, President Trump has denied having discussed the election with Russian agents or having directed anyone else to do so. While collusion itself is not a federal crime — except in the case of antitrust laws — the alleged â€Å"cooperation† between the Trump campaign and a foreign government may have violated other criminal prohibitions, which could be interpreted by Congress as impeachable â€Å"High Crimes and Misdemeanors.† Other Forms of Collusion While collusion is most often associated with secretive agreements behind closed doors, it can also occur in slightly different circumstances and situations. For instance, cartels are a unique case of explicit collusion. The explicit and formal nature of the organization is what differentiates it from the traditional sense of the term collusion. There is sometimes a distinction made between private and public cartels, the latter referring to a cartel in which a government is involved and whose sovereignty likely shields it from legal action. The former, however, are subject to such legal liability under the antitrust laws that have become commonplace around the world. Another form of collusion, known as tacit collusion, actually refers to collusive activities that are not overt.  Tacit collusion requires two firms to agree to play by a certain (and often illegal) strategy without explicitly saying so. Historical Example of Collusion One particularly memorable example of collusion occurred in the late 1980s when Major League Baseball teams were found to be in a collusive agreement to not sign free agents from other teams. It was during this period of time when star players like Kirk Gibson,  Phil Niekro, and Tommy John – all free agents that season – did not receive competitive offers from other teams. The collusive agreements made between team owners effectively erased competition for players which ultimately severely limited the player’s bargaining power and choice.

Sports Children And Sports - 881 Words

Children and Sports Sports have been of part of the lives of many children all across the nation. Sports help children in ways that affect their entire life. When children play sports it teaches them how to work cohesively with other people and how to work hard to reach their goals. Sports can be very influential in a child’s life because some people have parents to teach them morals and life lessons other have coaches to fill the gap. Children need sports in their lives, it will help them in the long run. Sports have significant effect on children teaching them valuable life lessons and keeping some out trouble. Children who participate in sports are less likely to experience health problems like high blood pressure, heart disease, and obesity. Those problems have affected many of America’s children. Drew Brees, Co-Chair of the President’s Council on Fitness writes, â€Å"nearly one in three children are overweight and one in six is considered obese†. Sports are not just fun for children they also can keep children healthy and fit. The President Council on Physical Fitness does a really good job on spreading their message of keeping children active and reducing the number of children that are obese and have heart disease because of lack of exercise and bad diets. This is probably the biggest reason people think children should be in sports. Keeping a kid healthy by playing sports can have a great positive effect on his/her entire life. Sports teaches children how to workShow MoreRelatedSports Are Good For Children1330 Words   |  6 PagesOrganized Sports are Good for Children As time passes and as technology is advancing, the tradition of playing outside is diminishing rapidly. Many people concentrate on their electronic devices in their ages as early as three. Sports are the most effective way that children express their joyfulness and brilliance. It provides children advantages of physical activities, confidence, and enjoyment. Participating in organized sports in early ages can produce the greatest results for children. OrganizedRead MoreChildren and Sports Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesChildren who participate in sports are developing rapidly in sports skills, sportsmanship, and psychologically, but does this come from organized sports are just nature’s process. Children develop emotional and social benefits from participating in sports. Children experience character and leadership development through peer relations leading to an increase in self-esteem and a decrease in anxiety levels. Children will get opportunities to experience positive and negative emotions throughout theirRead MoreSports Are Good For Children1654 Words   |  7 Pagesparent of young children, I am faced with the problem of extracurricular activities and what ones are best for my child. At what age is the best time to put them in? Which sports with help them develop the most? Once they start with if they decide they do not like it do I force them to keep going? As a parent, we are always looking to do the best for our children but, are there times when we are pushing them to hard and not helping them in the way we feel we should be? Organized sports are good forRead More Sports and Children Essay2179 Words   |  9 PagesSports and Children We no longer live in a society where kids run around actively throughout the neighborhood. The sandlot baseball games, pick up games in the park, and innocence in the children are gone in sports. Today children are more interested in television, computers, and video games and parents are afraid of letting their children run around the streets because of kidnapping. Kids are simply no longer interested in physical activity. A poll of over a thousand parents and one withRead MoreThe Risk of Injury for Children in Sports907 Words   |  4 PagesEveryplace you travel you see sports fanatics and most them as a child didn’t do thus good in sports, then they attempt to put their kid in sports programs. They would wish to get the athlete they never were. In sports you see athletes get hurt all the time. As a parent you would hate to see that happen to your child. Children who have a big risk of injury and could easily hurt their bodies. That doesn’t defeat the purpose of them being able to stay fit and learn lessons from playing. As a kid IRead MoreWhat Children Learn in Sports1429 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I participated in a local youth sports football league years ago, every time I got done with a game or practice, the first thing my parents would ask me is if I had fun. The usual answer would come out of the 12 year old mind â€Å"Yeah†, and I never thought about this question until I made it to my high school years. Until then, I thought the only reason I did the sport then was to hang out with my friends, do something I always see college or professionals do, or to impress my parents or someoneRead MoreThe Effects Of Youth Sports On Children1249 Words   |  5 PagesYouth sports in America has become a trend that has touched every household. Sports has become so ingrained in American culture, that toddlers have even begun to experience it. Almost all children from the ages of six to ten have kicked a soccer ball or hit a ball with a b at. While studies have shown that youth team sports have a tremendous positive impact on a child’s social development, many children have run into serious injuries. Some of these injuries can require extensive surgeries, rehabilitationRead MorePriviledged and Underpriviledged Children in a Sport1417 Words   |  6 PagesFor the past 9 months I have been able to study privileged children and teenagers playing tennis because I coach tennis for a living. When I started coaching tennis I always noticed different behaviors between students and it made me curious to what made certain students have such behaviors. It made me think of maybe it was how they are raised, morals, religion, wealth, or maybe it is just part of their personality that they have grown themselves. After, taking time and evaluating tennis playersRead MoreThe Effects Of Organized Sports On Children1332 Words   |  6 PagesOrganized Sports are Good to Children As the time pass, and as the technology is advancing rapidly, the tradition of playing outside is diminished rapidly. Many people are concentrating on their electronic devices in ages early as three. Sports is the most effective way that children can express their joyful and brilliance. It prepares children with advantages of physical activities, confidence, and enjoyment. Participating in organized sports when kids are young arise the greater results. ThereRead MoreChildren Playing in Competitive Sports939 Words   |  4 PagesChildren should experience the values of playing in a competitive sport. Playing a competitive sport at a younger age will benefit the child in the future with either the mental learning of confidence or physical advantage that can give them many opportunities to becoming successful. Children learn discipline, striving for challenges, working with others and it build s confidence. Sports give the child an activity to do and not being influenced by troubling distractions that come as they get older

Argumentative Essay The 2nd Amendment - 806 Words

Name Goes Here Mr. Instructor ESE 95 – E13 September 5, 2013 Argumentative Essay: The 2nd Amendment The 2nd amendment is one of the most debated topics in the United States. It’s a very important topic because it concerns every citizen in the country. Many people feel that the 2nd amendment should be repelled to avoid unfortunate incidents such as a weapon landing on the hands of an irresponsible person simply by not securing the firearm appropriately, an increase of street shootings, and accidental trigger pulls. On the other hand, others believe that the right to bear arms is essential to our country because it protects us from devastating events, some of which†¦show more content†¦To prevent this from happening, the weapon must be concealed. Moreover, carrying firearms can lead to unnecessary police calls, which could cause huge misunderstandings. To put it in a police officer’s point of view, there could be so much confusion when approaching somebody who has a weaponShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Ess ay the Right to Bear Arms1159 Words   |  5 PagesUNIVERSIDAD DEL TURABO NAGUABO, PUERTO RICO ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY FINAL HOMEWORK LURDES M. PEREZ S00604108 PROF. RAMOS/ENGLISH 153 Right To Bear Arms Imagine waking up in the middle of the night to a complete stranger who is in your house, threatening to harm you, and your family, and you cannot do anything about it. Imagine, not being able to go target shooting or hunting, because there are laws passed to prevent you from owning a firearm. The truth is, more and more people inRead MoreWhy Gun Control Is Bad793 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Argumentative Essay All guns have the potential to be dangerous and should be handled with care. Guns have been part of American life for as long as people can remember. For most people guns are perceived as very dangerous and harmful. However, that is not true; guns can be dangerous, but only if they are in the wrong hands. Owning a gun is right that every American should be able to take pride in having. Guns are used for self-defense, hunting, law enforcement and other uses.Read MoreThe Pros and Cons of Gay Marriage1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pros and Cons of Gay Marriage LP 3: Argumentative Essay Patty Waters NAU Composition II Sue Cochran, Instructor Sunday, March 24, 2013 Abstract This essay covers the pros and cons concerning gay marriage. You will discover some new laws and amendments that are about to happen in our country, and some things that people are against. There are many issues that will be covered from rights and benefits to getting married legally. You will read reports, stories and articles from lawyersRead MoreCommunication Studies Syllabus- Caribbean Students12029 Words   |  49 Pageswww.cxc.org Copyright  © 2010 by Caribbean Examinations Council The Garrison, St. Michael BB 14038 Barbados This document CXC A2/U1/10 replaces CXC A2/U1/03 issued in 2003. Please note that the syllabus has been revised and amendments are indicated by italics and vertical lines. Revised 2003 Revised 2010 Please check the website www.cxc.org for updates on CXC’s syllabuses. Contents RATIONALE 1 AIMS 2 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED 2 PRE-REQUISITESRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesown conclusion, then its your responsibility to give them reasons they can appreciate. Lets examine that last remark. A conclusion backed up by one or more reasons in any order is called an argument, even when the reasoner is not being argumentative or disagreeable. The word â€Å"argument† is a technical term we will be using frequently in this course. Being logical means, among other things, that you should give an argument to support your conclusion if you expect other people to accept itRead MoreTop 1 Cause for Project Failure65023 Words   |  261 Pagesmostly on how well we did/do our jobs. Lucia Chambers Professional Project manager would like to chime in here and defend scope creep as a problem. I believe it is an opportunity! Scope creep can be managed into contract amendments, iterative and process-driven deliverables, and project extended phases. When a stakeholder is in the candy store choosing, and the money is finite, you offer some candy now, and high incentive to come back next week with next week s allowanceRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pageschange is instituted in knowledge-based library and information services organizations. notes 1. J. H. Breasted, Ancient Records (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1906), 150–250. 2. Claude S. George Jr., The History of Management Thought, 2nd ed. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1972), 12. 3. Daniel Wren, The Evolution of Management Theory, 3rd ed. (New York: Wiley, 1987). 4. Larry N. Killough, â€Å"Management and the Industrial Revolution,† Advanced Management Journal 7 (July 1970): 67–70Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDavid DeCenzo and Robert Wolter (Prentice Hall, 2013) Training in Interpersonal Skills: TIPS for Managing People at Work, 6th ed., with Phillip Hunsaker (Prentice Hall, 2012) Managing Today! 2nd ed. (Prentice Hall, 2000) Organization Theory, 3rd ed. (Prentice Hall, 1990) The Truth About Managing People, 2nd ed. (Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 2008) Decide and Conquer: Make Winning Decisions and Take Control of Your Life (Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 2004). Other Interests In his â€Å"other life

Negative Influence of Advertising - 1524 Words

Negative influence of advertising on society Advertising by definition is a paid form of communication intended to persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to purchase or take some action upon products, ideas, or services. We are taken into what the advertisers exactly want us to do - buy their products. Advertisements in themselves are not bad. They do perform an important role in the society and that is the promotion of products and services so that people will become aware of them. However, like milk gone sour, advertisements may also exert negative influences on different kinds of people in our society. Hence, we need to become critical and aware of what to avoid in certain aspects of advertising. Beauty products are†¦show more content†¦Today, advertising plays an important role in the society, as it tends to influence young minds in particular. The first prime motive of advertising is to attract attention. With children, the messages need to be conveyed in a different manner. Goods are particularly packaged in order to appeal to the younger generation. Children today, are more specific about their needs and wants. Children are therefore reckoned to be a major ‘buying force’ by advertisers. However, advertising can also have a negative influence over young minds if parents are not really careful and do not teach their children about the importance of money. In many cases, children tend to misinterpret the messages conveyed through the advertisement. They end up having wrong notions about many issues. Advertising influences the minds of children, which creates a need to own that particular product being advertised. Glossy images on the magazines or billboards or flashy advertisements on television only create the urge for impulsive buying. Many advertisements in the present times include dangerous stunts, which can be performed only by experts. Even though the commercials broadcast the statutory warnings with the ad, the kids often try to imitate the stunts at home, with fatal results. Children, after watching the glitter of commercials, often lose the ability to live a life without materialistic joy. Advertisements have an indirect effect on the behavior ofShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Influence Of Advertising In Our Life1239 Words   |  5 PagesAdvertising has become so prevalent in our lives today due to mass media. It is every form from print to online through social media and websites, advertising has never had this much importance. From driving in your car to scrolling through your daily feed every person is exposed to advertising in a variety of forms. Since advertising has become so dominant in our daily lives, each advertisement that comes out is critically analyzed by consumers, and many people see advertising as a very negativeRead MoreThe Negative Effect Of Youth Health Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagesis consumed by advertising. Everywhere we look, everywhere we go our eyes are continually be exposed to some form of advertising; televisions, media, magazines, bill boards and shops are some examples of places where we gather information from certain types of commercial advertising. Our lives are ruled by screens; it is inevitable that during our daily lives we are going to experience a sponsored ad, a TV commercial or a sexy, skinny model on the front of a mag. All these advertising elements mayRead MoreMudslinging s Dampening Effect On American Democracy Essay1428 Words   |  6 Pagesmanifested in negative advertising because campaigners believed in negativity’s efficacy in influencing the electorate (Gordon). Moreove r, the allowance of external spending encourages candidates to perceive spending towards mudslinging as less attached, and thus harmful, to the candidate. The effect of Citizens United’s precedent is demonstrated in the 2012 presidential election, as Adam Crowther indicates, â€Å"†¦the Supreme Court’s Citizens United decision†¦led to increased spending on the negative advertising†¦86Read MoreAdvertising’s Positive Influences Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pages(541). Regardless of negative outcomes, people believe that buying advertised products will help satisfy their basic needs. Based on Fowles’ article, although advertising has some negative aspects, advertising influences people positively by fulfilling the needs to nurture, achieve, and for affiliation. Advertising influences people negatively; it promotes spending in unnecessary or unhealthy products. People often waste money on items because they do not notice the negative aspects of an item. ARead MoreThe Media And Its Effects On Teen And Young Undeveloped Brains1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe advertising business views teenagers in society as a viable market section, due to their immature understanding of the media and its dazzling impact on teen and young undeveloped brains. The media is progressively specializing in children and adolescents to captivate with advertisements. according to market research corporations, teenagers are vital to marketers because they can pay a considerable open income, spend family cash easily, and they are easily able to influence their families to spendRead MoreMarketing Strategy For The Chevrolet Tahoe Campaign849 Words   |  4 PagesPositive and Negative Aspects of the Chevy Tahoe Campaign Positive aspects. The Chevrolet Company took a big step forward in its advertising campaign last spring. The company decided to have a new promotional form which was to run an ad contest that people can post their video clips about the Chevy Tahoe in its website. The benefit for this approach is to involve people who are really interested in the company’s products in conversation (Rose, 2006). By doing the customer-generated advertising, ChevroletRead MoreAdvertising And Their Influence On Children1516 Words   |  7 PagesEthics in advertising and their influence on children: Introduction Advertising has grown massively due to the expansion of technology and this has transformed the advertising industry. Organisations are spending heavily in advertising to differentiate their brands and cut throat competition among advertising companies is a priority. However, in this race for standing out, advertisers and marketers might overlook the ethical policies. Ethics in advertising has become critical in today’s scandalRead MoreThe Impact Of Advertising On Women And Showing The Negative Prospects Of Society1465 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 1301 November 23, 2015 Advertising â€Å"Advertising may be described as the science of arresting the human mind long enough to get money from it† –Stephen Butter Leacock. The invention of television in 1920s changed the advertising game forever. Many good things came from this like the fact that advertising has made it much easier for companies to reach larger audience but it has encouraged many unethical behaviors from the media. One major example of this negative effect is objectification ofRead MoreBad Influence of Mass Media on Kids1499 Words   |  6 Pageswith their children. As a result, outside influences have greater access and influence over our children than ever before. The internet and the media are bringing the outside world into your home; your childs peers; the influences on children from movies and the music they listen to are growing in importance and influence every day, the negative effects of television violence to children, negative effects marijuana, cigarettes, alcohol andRead MoreUsing Emotions to Build Advertisements955 Words   |  4 Pages The need, purpose, and effectiveness in cooperating emotions in advertising has been looked at and studied for many years trying to find the most productive form of speaking to consumers. By assessing consumers and their responses to different types of emotional marketing, the value of emotions in advertising and the field of marketing can then be determined (Bagozzi, Gopinath, Nyer, 1999). In the following studies, emotions in ads and the psychological and emotions reactions of consumers are

How Data and Programs Are Represented in the Computer free essay sample

Its probably best that most people feel this way. However, for those of you with a thirst for knowledge and the desire to see how things work, this is what you are looking for. Before we study the inner workings of the processor, we need to expand on an earlier discussion of data representation in the computer—how the processor â€Å"understands† data. We started with a simple fact: electricity can be either on or off. Other kinds of technology also use this two-state on/off arrangement. An electrical circuit may be open or closed. The magnetic pulses on a disk or tape may be present or absent. Current may be high voltage or low voltage. A punched card or tape may have a hole or not have a hole. This two-state situation allows computers to use the binary system to represent data and programs. The decimal system that we are accustomed to has 10 digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9). We will write a custom essay sample on How Data and Programs Are Represented in the Computer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By contrast, the binary system has only two digits: 0 and 1. (Bi- means â€Å"two. †) Thus, in the computer the 0 can be represented by the electrical current being off (or at low voltage) and the 1 by the current being on (or at high voltage). All data and programs that go into the computer are represented in terms of these numbers. For example, the letter H is a translation of the electronic signal 01001000, or off-on-off-off-on-off-off-off. When you press the key for H on the computer keyboard, the character is automatically converted into the series of electronic impulses that the computer recognizes. All the amazing things that computers do are based on binary numbers made up of 0s and 1s. Fortunately, we don’t have to enter data into the computer using groupings of 0s and 1s. Rather, data is encoded, or arranged, by means of binary, or digital, coding schemes to represent letters, numbers, and special characters. There are many coding schemes. Two common ones are EBCDIC and ASCII. Both use 7 or 8 bits to form each byte, providing up to 256 combinations with which to form letters, numbers, and special characters, such as math symbols and Greek letters. One newer coding scheme uses 16 bits, enabling it to represent 65,536 unique characters. EBCDIC: Pronounced â€Å"eb-see-dick,† EBCDIC, which stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code, is commonly used in IBM mainframes. EBCDIC is an 8-bit coding scheme, meaning that it can represent 256 characters. ASCII: Pronounced â€Å"as-key,† ASCII, which stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is the most widely used binary code with non-IBM mainframes and microcomputers. Whereas standard ASCII originally used 7 bits for each character, limiting its character set to 128, the more common extended ASCII uses 8 bits. Unicode: Although ASCII can handle English and European languages well, it cannot handle all the characters of some other languages, such as Chinese and Japanese. Unicode, which was developed to deal with languages, uses 2 bytes (16 bits) for each character, instead of 1 byte (8 bits), enabling it to handle 65,536 character combinations rather than just 256. Although each Unicode character takes up twice as much memory space and disk space as each ASCII character, conversion to the Unicode standard seems likely. However, because most existing software applications and databases use the 8-bit standard, the conversion will take time. The Parity Bit: Checking for Errors Dust, electrical disturbance, weather conditions, and other factors can cause interference in a circuit or communications line that is transmitting a byte. How does the computer know if an error has occurred? Detection is accomplished by use of a parity bit. A parity bit, also called a check bit, is an extra bit attached to the end of a byte for purposes of checking for accuracy. Parity schemes may be even parity or odd parity. In an even-parity scheme, for example, the ASCII letter H (01001000) consists of two 1s. Thus, the ninth bit, the parity bit, would be 0 in order to make an even number of set its. Likewise, with the letter O (01001111), which has five 1s, the ninth bit would be 1 to make an even number of set bits. The system software in the computer automatically and continually checks the parity scheme for accuracy. Machine Language: Your Brand of Computer’s Very Own Language So far, we have been discussing how data is represented in the computer, for example, via AS CII code in microcomputers. But if data is represented this way in all microcomputers, why won’t word processing software that runs on an Apple Macintosh run (without special arrangements) on an IBM PC? In other words, why are these two microcomputer platforms incompatible? It’s because each hardware platform, or processor model family, has a unique machine language. Machine language is a binary programming language that the computer can run directly. To most people an instruction written in machine language is incomprehensible, consisting only of 0s and 1s. However, it is what the computer itself can understand, and the 0s and 1s represent precise storage locations and operations. Many people are initially confused by the difference between the 0 and 1 ASCII code used for data representation and the 0 and 1 code used in machine language. What’s the difference? ASCII is used for data files, that is, files containing only data in the form of ASCII code. Data files cannot be opened and worked on without execution programs, the software instructions that tell the computer what to do with the data files. These execution programs are run by the computer in the form of machine language. But wouldn’t it be horrendously difficult for programmers to write complex applications programs in seemingly endless series of machine-language groups of 0s and 1s? Indeed it would, so they don’t. The Processor, Main Memory, and Registers: How is the information in â€Å"information processing† processed? As we mentioned earlier, this is the job of the circuitry known as the processor. In large computers such as mainframes, this device, along with main memory and some other basic circuitry, is also called the central processing unit (CPU); in microcomputers, it is often called the microprocessor. The processor works hand in hand with other circuits known as main memory and registers to carry out processing. Together these circuits form a closed world, which is opened only by connection to input/output devices. The Processor: In Charge The main processor follows the instructions of the software to manipulate data into information. The processor consists of two parts: (1) the control unit and (2) the arithmetic/logic unit. The two components are connected by a kind of electronic roadway called a bus. (A bus also connects these components with other parts of the microcomputer, as we will discuss. ) 10. Control unit: The control unit tells the rest of the computer system how to carry out a program’s instructions. It directs the movement of electronic signals between main memory and the arithmetic/logic unit. It also directs these electronic signals between main memory and the input and output devices. 11. Arithmetic/logic unit: The arithmetic/logic unit, or ALU, performs arithmetic operations and logical operations and controls the speed of those operations. As you might guess, arithmetic operations are the fundamental math operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Logical operations are comparisons. That is, the ALU compares two pieces of data to see whether one is equal to (=), greater than (gt;), or less than (

Corporate Financial Management for Defined Plan- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Financial Management for Defined Benefit Plan. Answer: Services are being provided by the employees working in the tertiary sector and the service sector. In tertiary as well as service sectors there are three types of sectors available in the same. Choice of the superannuation funds depends upon the will of the employees working in the tertiary sector because employers do not have any control over the decisions of the employees in relation with the superannuation funds (Bacon, 2010). There are two types of superannuation funds from which anyone could be chosen by the employees. These two types of superannuation plans are defined benefit plan and investment choice plan. While selecting the plan it is required that in depth knowledge regarding both the plans there are various set of factors which are required to be taken into consideration while selecting the superannuation fund. Hence, further information related with both the plans will help in making appropriate decisions regarding selection of the most effective superannuation fund (A slan, 2015). Defined Benefit Plan Defined benefit plans are the plans in which the amount which will be received by the employee at the time of the maturity or retirement is being decided well in advance (Arnold, 2013). Defined benefit plan have low risk as it is not directly linked with the market. The amount is being decided on the basis of the requirement of the employee. Contribution of the amount investment is being made by both employers as well as employee as certain amount of the salary of the employee is being invested and rest is being invested by the employer. This contribution is being bifurcated on the basis of various factors like salary of the employee, number of year he has worked and the number of year he will provide the service (Ferson, 2012). Employers also use the defined benefit plan as the tool of increment. It is also termed as the final salary plan as the pension which will be received by the employee after the retirement is also being decided in the defined benefit plan (Nguyen, Nguyen and Y in, 2014). There are three variables which are attached with the defined benefit plan these are: Defined benefit plan include pensionable services, it includes the number of years fir which the pension will paid to the employee Pensionable earnings are another variable which represents the amount that will be drawn by the employees when he will retire. Accrual Rate is the portion of the total amount which will be provided to the employee when the scheme will end (Paramasivan and Subramanian, 2009). Formula for calculating defined benefit plan No. of the year employee worked*salary of the employee at the time of retirement*accrual rate There are certain set of factors which helps in deciding the pension funds these factors are the years for which the service is being provided by the tertiary sector employee, the number of years he will provide the services, his salary and the accrual rate of interest on which the decision will be made (Wang and Zhao, 2015). Defined benefit plan also provides certain set of benefits to the employees like a fixed and bulk amount is being received by the employees at the time of maturity. There are various other benefits also which are being provided to the employees when the investments are made by the employee. Several tax benefits are also being provided to the employees who make the investment in defined benefit plans (Babalos, Kostakis and Philippas, 2009). Unfunded Benefit Plan There are two types of defined benefit plans, funded and unfunded benefit plans (Darst, Ebrary, 2013). Unfunded benefit plans are the plans in which investment in the assets is not be taken into consideration on the other hand investment done on assets and the stocks are being taken into consideration in the funded defined plan. One of the drawbacks attached with the funded benefit plan is that the certain amount is not being provided to the employee at the time of maturity because this set of amount cannot be estimated in the beginning of the investment (Jefferson, Therese, 2012). Investment Choice Plan The investment choice plan is the plan in which all set of plans related with the superannuation can be processed with the help of the investment account for which is to be activated with the investment company. The amount with which the account will be activated depends upon the will of the employee (Most, Wadia, 2015). In investment choice plans all set of earnings, gains and interests are being contributed together by the employer as well as employee. In this investment plan employee has the choice to make the modifications in the investment procedures as well as plans. It is the positive aspect which is being attached with the investment choice plan as employee has the decision making right in this plan. Another beneficial aspect is the employee has the choice to make the portfolio for the investment which is being made by him. Investment choice plan includes certain funds in which investment could be made these are secured funds, stable funds, trustees funds and share funds (Co rreia, 2015). Factors that will help Tertiary Sector Employee in Decision Making Risk Profile: Defined benefit plan has low risk involved in it as it is not directly linked with the market (Schreiber, 2016). Defined funds are safe to make the investment because any fluctuation in the market cannot impact the amount invested and the amount that will be availed at the time of maturity of the same. On the other hand investment choice plan has high risk involved with it as these are the funds which are directly attached with the market. Any fluctuation in the market has a direct impact on the investment choice plan as well as on the amount that will be received at the time of maturity (Basu, Drew, 2010). As choice plan includes shares, trustees funds, etch which gets impacted with the fluctuation in the market and various activities of the market. Inflation Rate: Inflation is the situation of the market in which the cost of dearness as well as living cost gets increased (Drakos and Konstantinou, 2012). Superannuation contributions should be taken into consideration while making any choice of the investment plans. Defined benefit plans gets proper support at the time of inflation because these are the long time period investment plans. In defined benefit plan the money is being invested for the long period of time die to which the value of the same declines with the passing time, due to this reason it is required that the more contribution should be provided by the employee if he decides to choose the defined benefit plan for investment purpose (Bai, Hsu and Krishnan, 2014). Time Frame of Investment: Time for which the investment is being made should be taken into consideration by the employee who is planning to make the investments (Bacon, 2010). Time plays a very vital role in deciding the amount that will be received in return by the employee. Investment choice plans include short term investment plans so if employee is willing to invest the money for short period of time then he should choose investment choice plans on the other hand for long period investment plans defined benefit plans should be chosen by the employees. Financial Goals: Financial goals are other important aspects that should be taken into consideration by the employees while making the investment decisions (Aslan, 2015). Different people have different set of financial goals. Like some people wants to generate the effective amount of profit from the investments then it is required that they should invest in investment choice plan. On the other hand if employees want to make the investment to secure their future and receive certain amount as the direct payment and certain as a pension after the retirement then they should invest in the defined benefit plan (Arnold, 2013). Issues With Time Value For Money It is required that the concept of time value for the money should be taken into consideration because it helps in developing the understanding with the fact that with the passage of time value for the money declines (Ferson, 2012). Different investment plans have different set of aspects; in the same manner both investment choice plan as well as defined benefit plans has different set of treatments as well as mitigation processes. Time value for money is the concept which helps in making the right choices as well as decisions in making the choice of investment. This also helps in providing the direction to analyze the pension of the employees which they will get at the time of retirement. Inflation and market conditions that play a vital role in time value for money (Nguyen, Nguyen and Yin, 2014). Time value for money helps in calculating the net present value of the superannuation and the pension amount which is required to be paid to the employee at the time of maturity. Therefore the issue that occurs with such type of investments is maintaining the track record of the cash inflows as well as cash outflows. Maintaining such type of aspects in a proper way is one of the biggest issues faced by the employers (Paramasivan and Subramanian, 2009). Efficient Market Hypothesis Efficient market situation is the market situation in the commodity price as well as the price of the stock and assets works as the reflectors of the organization (Wang and Zhao, 2015). In other words it could be said that the efficient market situation is the situation in which the price of the commodity, price of the stocks of the organization as well as price of the assets helps in determining the actual position of the organization in the market. In this market situation the implication of the price of the asset as well s price of the stock is being done in a proper as well as fair way (Babalos, Kostakis and Philippas, 2009). This market situation is being opposed by the value of the assets and the price of various other things which keeps on changing depending upon the market conditions. In efficient market situation the stocks as well as shares of the organization are being purchased for the purpose of investment. While making the investment in this market situation the past in formation related with value of assets, and shares of the company is not being taken into consideration because decisions in this are made on the basis of present position of the company in market (Darst, Ebrary, 2013). Pension Fund Manager in Portfolio Management Efficient market hypothesis is the situation in which pension fund manager does not plays a very vital role as all the aspects as well as decisions are dependent upon the current situation of the company hence decisions could be easily made by the individuals without taking help of the pension fund managers (Jefferson, Therese, 2012). Track record of old date of the company is not required in this situation, in case if record were required to be tracked then only the help of fund manager was required in such type of market situation. In case efficient market situation occurs then the role of the pension fund manager will get hampered and it could also be possible that his role could get diluted in such type of market situation. Pension fund manager could provide their services in the investments such as investment choice plan because in these investment plans proper set of track record is being kept for the past activities of the company in the market in behalf of which investment d ecisions are being made by the individuals (Most, Wadia, 2015). Hence, it could be analyzed that the pension fund manager does not play effective set of role in the efficient market hypothesis as the decision of the investment could be made on the current activities of the company in the market. But in reality possibility of occurrence of such type of market situation are very minimal. Hence in such type of situations the individuals will have to take the help of pension fund managers to as to manage their portfolios (Schreiber, 2016). Pension fund manager also helps in making the decisions related with the investment plans and provides the information related with investment decisions that in which aspect the investment are required to be made and in which it not beneficial to invest the money. Hence, analyzing all the aspects it could be evaluated that in the efficient market hypothesis pension fund manager does not play effective set of role as investment decisions in such market are taken on the basis of the present situations rather than the situations which are based on the past aspects (Basu, Drew, 2010). References Arnold, G. (2013).Essentials of corporate financial management. Harlow, England: Pearson. Aslan, H. (2015). Do Lending Relationships Affect Corporate Financial Policies?.Financial Management, 45(1), pp.141-173. Babalos, V., Kostakis, A. and Philippas, N. (2009). Managing mutual funds or managing expense ratios? Evidence from the Greek fund industry.Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 19(4), pp.256-272. Bacon, F. (2010).Corporate financial management. Acton, MA: Copley Custom Textbooks. Bai, G., Hsu, S. and Krishnan, R. (2014). Accounting Performance and Capacity Investment Decisions: Evidence from California Hospitals.Decision Sciences, 45(2), pp.309-339. Basu, Drew. (2010). The appropriateness of default investment options in defined contribution plans: Australian evidence. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, vol 18, n0 3, pp 290-305. Correia, C. (2005).Corporate financial management. Cottesloe, W.A.: Skystone Investments. Darst, D., Ebrary, Inc Content Provider., 2013, Portfolio Investment Opportunities in China (Wiley RealTime Finance). Hoboken: Wiley. Drakos, K. and Konstantinou, P. (2012). Investment decisions in manufacturing: assessing the effects of real oil prices and their uncertainty.Journal of Applied Econometrics, 28(1), pp.151-165. Ferson, W. (2012). Ruminations on Investment Performance Measurement.European Financial Management, 19(1), pp.4-13. Jefferson, Therese. (2012). Private retirement savings in Australia: Current policy initiatives and gender equity implications.(Contributed Article)(Report). Australian Bulletin of Labour, vol 38, no 3, pp 234-250. Most, W., Wadia, Z. (2015). Longevity plans: An answer to the decline of the defined benefit plan. Benefits Law Journal, vol 28, no 1, p 23. Nguyen, T., Nguyen, H. and Yin, X. (2014). Corporate Governance and Corporate Financing and Investment during the 2007-2008 Financial Crisis.Financial Management, 44(1), pp.115-146. Paramasivan, C. and Subramanian, T. (2009).Financial management. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers. Schreiber, S. (2016). Defined benefit plan participants can receive lump sum and annuity under new rules. Journal of Accountancy, vol 222, no 6, p 68. Wang, Y. and Zhao, J. (2015). Hedge Funds and Corporate Innovation.Financial Management, 44(2), pp.353-385.